Weaning down opioids in the inherited patients on high-dose opioids

Opioids in renal failure and dialysis patients.

This article reviews the literature pertaining to the metabolism of several of the commonly used opioids, and the known activity of their metabolites. The effect of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs and metabolites is then reviewed. Finally, the effect of renal dialysis on opioid drugs and metabolites is reviewed. Based on the review, it is recommended that morphine and codei...

اپوئید‌‌ها(Opioids) و دستگاه گوارش

SUMMARY The term opioid was coined to refer in a generic sense to all drugs, natural and synthetic, with morphin - like actions. Three distinct families of peptides have been identified so far in gastrointestinal (GI) nervous system in mammalian. These peptides include : dynorphin, Met - enkephalin and leu - enkephalin . Results from studies about opioid which have been started 15 years ago ...

38: Opioids

Opioids are among the oldest therapies in our armamentarium, and clinicians recognize their universal utility to limit human distress from pain. Opioids enjoy widespread use as potent analgesics, even though they are abused because of their psychoactive properties. Although the therapeutic and toxic doses are difficult to predict because of the development of tolerance with chronic use, the pri...

Opioids in the Hippocampus, 82

Opioids in chronic pain.

The aim in using opioid drugs in chronic pain is optimal pain relief with a minimum of side effects. A rational approach requires understanding of the clinical pharmacology of opioids given by a variety of routes, for the differences between routes may be greater than the differences between drugs given by the same route. Those using opioids in chronic pain differentiate between their clinical ...